Genetic diversity of the BMP-4 gene and associated amino acid variations in indigenous Bari goats of Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 found in goats, cattle, and humans and is encoded by the BMP4 gene. BMP4 is found on chromosome 10q in goats. BMP4 gene is the subfamily of the superfamily transforming growth factor beta. It is an evolutionary conserved member of the BMPs family. BMP-4 is a protein coding gene that concerns with connective and soft tissues of the body structure. It plays main role in goats, cattle, human and other animal’s bodies for maintaining the body activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the novelty of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP-4 gene and their potential impact on body growth and development. Blood samples were collected from the Animal Hospital in District Khairpur using sterile techniques under hygienic conditions. The samples were then transported on dry ice in a cooling box to the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology for further analysis. Using a commercial DNA extraction kit, DNA was extracted from whole blood samples in the first step, and the results were displayed on gel electrophoresis. The PCR results were then sent for DNA sequencing in order to identify SNPs. According to the analysis, the Bari goat breed has roughly 19 mutations. The different base pair (bp) was where these mutations were found. While genetic codon changes result in the conversion of non-essential amino acids into essential amino acids, which improves the quality and quantity of milk and meat, this is a very positive sign. The milk of Bari goats was used for analysis and the results revealed the highest percentage of essential amino acids was Leucine 3.15% while the lowest Methiodine 2.40%. While in non-essential amino acids the highest percentage was Glutamic acid 2.98% and lowest was Glycine 1.01%. According to the results the Bari goat breed can be inferred from breed admixture and genetic markers can help with breeding selection