Cover Image

Non-chemical based management of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, a major threat to the citrus industry

Muhammad Wajid, Adil Mahmood, Haseeb Anwar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Yannong Xiao, Maleeha Shafqat, Shaista Nasir

Abstract


There is a vast variety of microbes available in soil performing diverse functions for plants including root colonization for protection against pathogens and nutrient acquisition. In the present study, efficacy of rhizospheric microbial strains and plant extracts were evaluated against citrus nematode for their nematicidal activity. Three different concentrations of plant extracts were evaluated in vitro, results depicts that 10% solution of Tagetes erecta (root) has given 46% the highest percentage mortality at 48hrs followed by Tagetes erecta (leaf) and Datura stramonium killed 41% and 37% nematodes respectively, similarly for 20% of plant extract in distilled water, the highest mortality rate was recorded for T. erecta (root) 68% followed by D. stramonium 47% and Acacia nilotica 44% at 48hrs of application. While using a higher concentration 30% of SS. the percentage mortality elevated multifold i.e.  Marigold root has killed maximum 76% nematodes followed by Marigold leaves and Dhatura with mortality rate 69% and 58% respectively at 48 hrs of interval. While Eucalyptus killed lowest no of nematodes. Additionally, five bacterial isolates were evaluated for their nematicidal activity. Results indicated that for bacterial cell suspension, Pseudomonas putida has shown maximum mortality rate at 84% followed by Bacillus subtilis 73% & Pseudomonas geniculata 65% at 48hrs of interval. Similarly, in the 2nd set of experiment bacterial culture filtrates has exhibited promising results, maximum mortality rate was recorded for Bacillus spp. 81% followed by B. subtilis 76%, Ps putida 63%, after 48hrs of incubation. Moreover, an insight investigation of bacterial extracellular metabolites and plant extracts would enable researchers to develop purposeful products and compositions

Keywords


Citrus, nematode, biological management, plant extracts, rhizobacteria

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aatif, H. M., T. A. Yasir, C. M. S. Hanif, T. Abbas, A. W. Baloch, A. Wasaya, S. K. Abbas and S. P. Lali, 2017. Evaluation of prevalence and incidence of citrus slow decline disease in citrus orchards in district Layyah. Pure and applied biology (PAB), 6(2): 664-668.

Abd-Elgawad, M. M., 2020. Managing nematodes in egyptian citrus orchards. Bulletin of the national research centre, 44: 1-15.

Abd-Elgawad, M. M. and T. H. Askary, 2018. Fungal and bacterial nematicides in integrated nematode management strategies. Egyptian journal of biological pest control, 28(1): 74.

Ahmad, F., M. A. Rather and M. A. Siddiqui, 2010. Nematicidal activity of leaf extracts from Lantana camara L. Against meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood and its use to manage roots infection of Solanum melongena L. Brazilian archives of biology and technology, 53(3): 543-548.

Aires, A., R. Carvalho, M. D. C. Barbosa and E. Rosa, 2009. Suppressing potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, with extracts of brassicacea plants. American journal of potato research, 86(4): 327-333.

Aktar, W., D. Sengupta and A. Chowdhury, 2009. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: Their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary toxicology, 2(1): 1-12.

Chang, X., L. Yan, M. Naeem, M. I. Khaskheli, H. Zhang, G. Gong, M. Zhang, C. Song, W. Yang and T. Liu, 2020. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping reduces the occurrence of Fusarium root rot and changes the diversity of the pathogenic Fusarium species. Pathogens, 9(3): 211.

El‐Bendary, M. A., 2006. Bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus biopesticides production. Journal of basic

microbiology, 46(2): 158-170.

Elhady, A., S. Adss, J. Hallmann and H. Heuer, 2018. Rhizosphere microbiomes modulated by pre-crops assisted plants in defense against plant-parasitic nematodes. Frontiers in microbiology, 9: 1133.

Etebu, E. and A. Nwauzoma, 2014. A review on sweet orange (citrus sinensis l osbeck): Health, diseases and management. American journal of research communication, 2(2): 33-70.

FAO, F., 2017. Citrus fruit-fresh and processed. statistical bulletin 2016.

Farooq, M., N. Ilyas, N. Ilyas, I. Khan, A. Saboor, S. Khan, M. N. Khan, A. Qayum and M. Bakhtiar, 2018. Antifungal activity of plant extracts and silver nano particles against citrus brown spot pathogen (Alternaria citri). International journal of environmental and agriculture research, 4(4).

Hallmann, J., 2013. Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes in organic farming in egypt. International journal of nematology, 23(1).

Haque, Z., M. R. Khan and F. Ahamad, 2018. Relative antagonistic potential of some rhizosphere biocontrol agents for the management of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola. Biological control, 126: 109-116.

Haroon, S., 1989. Preliminary investigation on the mode of action of cyperus rotundus and cyperus esculentus in reduction the population of citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans and root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita [Egypt]. Assiut journal of agricultural science (Egypt). 12(1): 11-13:

Ibrahim, I., A. Mokbel and Z. Handoo, 2010. Current status of phytoparasitic nematodes and their host plants in egypt. 23(1): 19-22.

Kepenekçi, İ., D. Erdoğuş and P. Erdoğan, 2016. Effects of some plant extracts on root-knot nematodes in vitro and in vivo conditions. Türkiye entomoloji dergisi, 40(1): 20-22.

Khan, M. R. and M. A. Hasan, 2010. Nematode diversity in banana rhizosphere from West Bengal, India. Journal of plant protection research. 12(1): 11-23.

Kloepper, J. W., R. Lifshitz and R. M. Zablotowicz, 1989. Free-living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity. Trends in biotechnology, 7(2): 39-44.

Mahmood, K., T. Muhammad, M. Akhtar and N. Khan, 2010. Incidence of citrus nematode in the citrus growing areas of NWFP. Sarhad journal of agriculture, 26(2): 271-274.

Memon, N. A., 2014. Market potential for pakistani citrus fruit (Kinnow) in world. Exclusive on kinnow.

Memon, N. A. and D. Kasbit, 2017. Citrus fruit (Kino): Punjab produced 98% of production. Exclusive on Kino: 29-31.

Minamikawa, M. F., K. Nonaka, E. Kaminuma, H. Kajiya-Kanegae, A. Onogi, S. Goto, T. Yoshioka, A. Imai, H. Hamada and T. Hayashi, 2017. Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction in citrus: Potential of genomics-assisted breeding for fruit quality traits. Scientific reports, 7(1): 1-13.

Misaghi, I., 2012. Physiology and biochemistry of plant-pathogen interactions. Springer Science & Business Media.

Montasser, S., A. Abd El-Wahab, M. Abd-Elgawad, H. Abd-El-Khair, F. Faika and M. Hammam, 2012. Effects of some fungi and bacteria as bio-control agents against citrus nematode tylenchulus semipenetrans cobb. Journal of applied sciences research, 8(11): 5436-5444.

Naeem, M., G. Irshad, F. Naz, S. Noorin, F. Aslam and A. Rafay, 2018. Morphological identification and management of fungal post-harvest pathogens of peach (Prunus persica L). World Journal of biology and biotechnology, 3(1): 183-185.

Nicolopoulou-Stamati, P., S. Maipas, C. Kotampasi, P. Stamatis and L. Hens, 2016. Chemical pesticides and human health: The urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Frontiers in public health, 4: 148.

Oka, Y., I. Chet and Y. Spiegel, 1993. Control of the rootknot nematode meloidogyne javanica by Bacillus cereus. Biocontrol science and technology, 3(2): 115-126.

Oyekanmi, E., D. Coyne, O. Fagade and O. Osonubi, 2007. Improving root-knot nematode management on two soybean genotypes through the application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Glomus mosseae in full factorial combinations. Crop rotection, 26(7): 1006-1012.

Racke, J. and R. Sikora, 1992. Isolation, formulation and antagonistic activity of rhizobacteria toward the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. Soil biology and biochemistry, 24(6): 521-526.

Safdar, A., N. Javed, S. A. Khan, H. U. Khan, A. Rehman and I. Haq, 2010. Survey and investigation of different citrus growing areas for citrus sudden death syndrome. Pakistan journal of phytopathol, 22(2): 71-78.

Schneider, S. M., E. N. Rosskopf, J. G. Leesch, D. O. Chellemi, C. T. Bull and M. Mazzola, 2003. United states department of agriculture agricultural research service research on alternatives to methyl bromide: Pre‐plant and post‐harvest. Pest management science: formerly Pesticide Science, 59(6‐7): 814-826.

Siddique, M. I. and E. Garnevska, 2018. Citrus value chain (s): A survey of pakistan citrus industry. Agriculture value chain, 37.

Spiegel, Y., E. Cohn, S. Galper, E. Sharon and I. Chet, 1991. Evaluation of a newly isolated bacterium, Pseudomonas chitinolytica sp. Nov., for controlling the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Biocontrol science and technology, 1(2): 115-125.

________________________________________________________

Abstract Views or DF Downloads

best free website hit counter




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.03.0351

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Wajid, Adil Mahmood, Haseeb Anwar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Yannong Xiao, Maleeha Shafqat, Shaista Nasir

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Print ISSN: 2522-6746 : Online ISSN: 2522-6754
1. How to register 
2. How to reset password
2. How to prepare a manuscript before submission 
3. How to submit a paper 
4. How to check the review status of a paper
5. How to check the plagirisim or similarity report